Gut microbiota profile and selected plasma metabolites in type 1 diabetes without and with stratification by albuminuria
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Aims/hypothesis Abnormal gut microbiota and blood metabolome profiles have been reported both in children and adults with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes as well as in adults with type 1 diabetes and advanced stages of diabetic nephropathy. In this study we aimed to investigate the gut microbiota and a panel of targeted plasma metabolites in individuals with type 1 diabetes of long duration without and with different levels of albuminuria.
Methods In a cross-sectional study we included 161 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 50 healthy control individuals. Individuals with type 1 diabetes were categorised into three groups according to historically measured albuminuria: (1) normoalbuminuria (= 33.90 mg/mmol). From faecal samples, the gut microbiota composition at genus level was characterised by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and in plasma a targeted profile of 31 metabolites was analysed with ultra HPLC coupled to MS/MS.
Results Study participants were aged 60 +/- 11 years (mean +/- SD) and 42% were women. The individuals with type 1 diabetes had had diabetes for a mean of 42 +/- 15 years and had an eGFR of 75 +/- 25 ml min(-1)(1.73 m)(-2). Measures of the gut microbial beta diversity differed significantly between healthy controls and individuals with type 1 diabetes, either with micro- or macroalbuminuria. Taxonomic analyses showed that 79 of 324 genera differed in relative abundance between individuals with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls and ten genera differed significantly among the three albuminuria groups with type 1 diabetes. For the measured plasma metabolites, 11 of 31 metabolites differed significantly between individuals with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls. When individuals with type 1 diabetes were stratified by the level of albuminuria, individuals with macroalbuminuria had higher plasma concentrations of indoxyl sulphate andl-citrulline than those with normo- or microalbuminuria and higher plasma levels of homocitrulline andl-kynurenine compared with individuals with normoalbuminuria. Whereas plasma concentrations of tryptophan were lower in individuals with macroalbuminuria compared with those with normoalbuminuria.
Conclusions/interpretation We demonstrate that individuals with type 1 diabetes of long duration are characterised by aberrant profiles of gut microbiota and plasma metabolites. Moreover, individuals with type 1 diabetes with initial stages of diabetic nephropathy show different gut microbiota and plasma metabolite profiles depending on the level of albuminuria.
Original language | English |
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Journal | Diabetologia |
Volume | 63 |
Pages (from-to) | 2713-2724 |
Number of pages | 12 |
ISSN | 0012-186X |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2020 |
- 16S RNA sequencing, Diabetes, Diabetic kidney disease, Diabetic nephropathy, Gut microbiota, Metabolome, Plasma metabolome, Renal complications, Targeted metabolites, Type 1 diabetes, INDOXYL SULFATE, KIDNEY-DISEASE, INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA
Research areas
ID: 249860868