TY - JOUR

T1 - Temporal gut microbiota variability and association with dietary patterns

T2 - From the one-year observational Diet, Cancer, and Health - Next Generations MAX study

AU - Rostgaard-Hansen, Agnetha L.

AU - Esberg, Anders

AU - Dicksved, Johan

AU - Hansen, Torben

AU - Pelve, Erik

AU - Brunius, Carl

AU - Halkjær, Jytte

AU - Tjønneland, Anne

AU - Johansson, Ingegerd

AU - Landberg, Rikard

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 American Society for Nutrition

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - Background: Knowledge about the variability of gut microbiota within an individual over time is important to allow meaningful investigations of the gut microbiota in relation to diet and health outcomes in observational studies. Plant-based dietary patterns have been associated with a lower risk of morbidity and mortality and may alter gut microbiota in a favorable direction. Objectives: To assess the gut microbiota variability during one year and investigate the association between adherence to diet indexes and the gut microbiota in a Danish population. Methods: Four hundred forty-four participants were included in the Diet, Cancer, and Health - Next Generations MAX study (DCH-NG MAX). Stool samples collected up to three times during a year were analyzed by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing. Diet was obtained by 24-hour dietary recalls. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess temporal microbial variability based on 214 individuals. Diet indexes (Nordic, Mediterranean, and plant-based diets) and food groups thereof were associated with gut microbiota using linear regression analyses. Results: We found that 91 out of 234 genera had an ICC >0.5. We identified three subgroups dominated by Bacteroides, Prevotella 9, and Ruminococcaceae and adherence to diet indexes differed between subgroups. Higher adherence to diet indexes was associated with the relative abundance of 22 genera. Across diet indexes, higher intakes of fruit, vegetables, whole grains/cereals, and nuts were most frequently associated with these genera. Conclusions: In the DCH-NG MAX study, 39% of the genera had an ICC >0.5 over one year, suggesting that these genera could be studied with health outcomes in prospective analyses with acceptable precision. Adherence to the Nordic, Mediterranean, and plant-based diets differed between bacterial subgroups and was associated with a higher abundance of genera with fiber-degrading properties. Fruits, vegetables, whole grains/cereals, and nuts were frequently associated with these genera.

AB - Background: Knowledge about the variability of gut microbiota within an individual over time is important to allow meaningful investigations of the gut microbiota in relation to diet and health outcomes in observational studies. Plant-based dietary patterns have been associated with a lower risk of morbidity and mortality and may alter gut microbiota in a favorable direction. Objectives: To assess the gut microbiota variability during one year and investigate the association between adherence to diet indexes and the gut microbiota in a Danish population. Methods: Four hundred forty-four participants were included in the Diet, Cancer, and Health - Next Generations MAX study (DCH-NG MAX). Stool samples collected up to three times during a year were analyzed by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing. Diet was obtained by 24-hour dietary recalls. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess temporal microbial variability based on 214 individuals. Diet indexes (Nordic, Mediterranean, and plant-based diets) and food groups thereof were associated with gut microbiota using linear regression analyses. Results: We found that 91 out of 234 genera had an ICC >0.5. We identified three subgroups dominated by Bacteroides, Prevotella 9, and Ruminococcaceae and adherence to diet indexes differed between subgroups. Higher adherence to diet indexes was associated with the relative abundance of 22 genera. Across diet indexes, higher intakes of fruit, vegetables, whole grains/cereals, and nuts were most frequently associated with these genera. Conclusions: In the DCH-NG MAX study, 39% of the genera had an ICC >0.5 over one year, suggesting that these genera could be studied with health outcomes in prospective analyses with acceptable precision. Adherence to the Nordic, Mediterranean, and plant-based diets differed between bacterial subgroups and was associated with a higher abundance of genera with fiber-degrading properties. Fruits, vegetables, whole grains/cereals, and nuts were frequently associated with these genera.

KW - dietary patterns

KW - epidemiology

KW - healthy Nordic food index

KW - healthy plant-based diet index

KW - human gut microbiota

KW - plant-based diet index

KW - provegetarian diet index

KW - relative Mediterranean diet score

KW - temporal variability

KW - unhealthy plant-based diet index

U2 - 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.027

DO - 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.027

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 38301827

AN - SCOPUS:85185596634

VL - 119

SP - 1015

EP - 1026

JO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

SN - 0002-9165

IS - 4

ER -