TY - JOUR

T1 - Dietary impact on fasting and stimulated GLP-1 secretion in different metabolic conditions - a narrative review

AU - Huber, H

AU - Schieren, A

AU - Holst, Jens J

AU - Simon, M-C

N1 - Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - INTRODUCTION: Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), a gastrointestinal peptide and central mediator of glucose metabolism, is secreted by L cells in the intestine in response to food intake. Postprandial secretion of GLP-1 is triggered by nutrient sensing via transporters and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GLP-1 secretion may be lower in adults with obesity (OW) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than in those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), but these findings are inconsistent. Because of the actions of GLP-1 on stimulating insulin secretion and promoting weight loss, GLP-1 and its analogs are used in pharmacological preparations for the treatment of T2DM. However, physiologically stimulated GLP-1 secretion through the diet might be a preventive or synergistic method for improving glucose metabolism in individuals who are OW, or have impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or T2DM.RATIONALE: This narrative review focuses on fasting and postprandial GLP-1 secretion in individuals with different metabolic conditions and degrees of glucose intolerance. Further, the influence of relevant diet-related factors (e.g., specific diets, meal composition and size, phytochemical content, and gut microbiome) that could affect fasting and postprandial GLP-1 secretion are discussed.RESULTS: Some studies showed a diminished glucose- or meal-stimulated GLP-1 response in participants with T2DM, IGT, or OW compared to those with NGT, whereas other studies have reported an elevated or unchanged GLP-1 response in T2DM or IGT. Meal composition, especially the relationship between macronutrients and interventions targeting the microbiome can impact postprandial GLP-1 secretion, although it is not clear which macronutrients are strong stimulants of GLP-1. Moreover, glucose tolerance, antidiabetic treatment, grade of overweight/obesity, and sex were important factors influencing GLP-1 secretion.CONCLUSION: The results presented in this review highlight the potential of nutritional and physiological stimulation of GLP-1 secretion. Further research on fasting and postprandial GLP-1 levels and the resulting metabolic consequences under different metabolic conditions is needed.

AB - INTRODUCTION: Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), a gastrointestinal peptide and central mediator of glucose metabolism, is secreted by L cells in the intestine in response to food intake. Postprandial secretion of GLP-1 is triggered by nutrient sensing via transporters and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GLP-1 secretion may be lower in adults with obesity (OW) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than in those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), but these findings are inconsistent. Because of the actions of GLP-1 on stimulating insulin secretion and promoting weight loss, GLP-1 and its analogs are used in pharmacological preparations for the treatment of T2DM. However, physiologically stimulated GLP-1 secretion through the diet might be a preventive or synergistic method for improving glucose metabolism in individuals who are OW, or have impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or T2DM.RATIONALE: This narrative review focuses on fasting and postprandial GLP-1 secretion in individuals with different metabolic conditions and degrees of glucose intolerance. Further, the influence of relevant diet-related factors (e.g., specific diets, meal composition and size, phytochemical content, and gut microbiome) that could affect fasting and postprandial GLP-1 secretion are discussed.RESULTS: Some studies showed a diminished glucose- or meal-stimulated GLP-1 response in participants with T2DM, IGT, or OW compared to those with NGT, whereas other studies have reported an elevated or unchanged GLP-1 response in T2DM or IGT. Meal composition, especially the relationship between macronutrients and interventions targeting the microbiome can impact postprandial GLP-1 secretion, although it is not clear which macronutrients are strong stimulants of GLP-1. Moreover, glucose tolerance, antidiabetic treatment, grade of overweight/obesity, and sex were important factors influencing GLP-1 secretion.CONCLUSION: The results presented in this review highlight the potential of nutritional and physiological stimulation of GLP-1 secretion. Further research on fasting and postprandial GLP-1 levels and the resulting metabolic consequences under different metabolic conditions is needed.

U2 - 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.007

DO - 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.007

M3 - Review

C2 - 38218319

VL - 119

SP - 599

EP - 627

JO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

SN - 0002-9165

IS - 3

ER -