TY - JOUR

T1 - The Metabolic Role and Therapeutic Potential of the Microbiome

AU - Olofsson, Louise E.

AU - Backhed, Fredrik

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - We are host to an assembly of microorganisms that vary in structure and function along the length of the gut and from the lumen to the mucosa. This ecosystem is collectively known as the gut microbiota and significant efforts have been spent during the past 2 decades to catalog and functionally describe the normal gut microbiota and how it varies during a wide spectrum of disease states. The gut microbiota is altered in several cardiometabolic diseases and recent work has established microbial signatures that may advance disease. However, most research has focused on identifying associations between the gut microbiota and human diseases states and to investigate causality and potential mechanisms using cells and animals. Since the gut microbiota functions on the intersection between diet and host metabolism, and can contribute to inflammation, several microbially produced metabolites and molecules may modulate cardiometabolic diseases. Here we discuss how the gut bacterial composition is altered in, and can contribute to, cardiometabolic disease, as well as how the gut bacteria can be targeted to treat and prevent metabolic diseases.

AB - We are host to an assembly of microorganisms that vary in structure and function along the length of the gut and from the lumen to the mucosa. This ecosystem is collectively known as the gut microbiota and significant efforts have been spent during the past 2 decades to catalog and functionally describe the normal gut microbiota and how it varies during a wide spectrum of disease states. The gut microbiota is altered in several cardiometabolic diseases and recent work has established microbial signatures that may advance disease. However, most research has focused on identifying associations between the gut microbiota and human diseases states and to investigate causality and potential mechanisms using cells and animals. Since the gut microbiota functions on the intersection between diet and host metabolism, and can contribute to inflammation, several microbially produced metabolites and molecules may modulate cardiometabolic diseases. Here we discuss how the gut bacterial composition is altered in, and can contribute to, cardiometabolic disease, as well as how the gut bacteria can be targeted to treat and prevent metabolic diseases.

KW - gut microbiome

KW - obesity

KW - type 2 diabetes

KW - cardiovascular disease

KW - metabolites

KW - therapeutics

KW - SCFA

KW - intestine

KW - liver

KW - brain

KW - adipose tissue

KW - DIET-INDUCED OBESITY

KW - GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1

KW - CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS

KW - INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION

KW - PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR

KW - FARNESOID X RECEPTOR

KW - HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA

KW - INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA

KW - INSULIN SENSITIVITY

KW - ADIPOSE-TISSUE

U2 - 10.1210/endrev/bnac004

DO - 10.1210/endrev/bnac004

M3 - Review

C2 - 35094076

VL - 43

SP - 907

EP - 926

JO - Endocrine Reviews

JF - Endocrine Reviews

SN - 0163-769X

ER -