TY - JOUR

T1 - Exercise metabolism and adaptation in skeletal muscle

AU - Smith, Jonathon A. B.

AU - Murach, Kevin A.

AU - Dyar, Kenneth A.

AU - Zierath, Juleen R.

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Viewing metabolism through the lens of exercise biology has proven an accessible and practical strategy to gain new insights into local and systemic metabolic regulation. Recent methodological developments have advanced understanding of the central role of skeletal muscle in many exercise-associated health benefits and have uncovered the molecular underpinnings driving adaptive responses to training regimens. In this Review, we provide a contemporary view of the metabolic flexibility and functional plasticity of skeletal muscle in response to exercise. First, we provide background on the macrostructure and ultrastructure of skeletal muscle fibres, highlighting the current understanding of sarcomeric networks and mitochondrial subpopulations. Next, we discuss acute exercise skeletal muscle metabolism and the signalling, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of adaptations to exercise training. We address knowledge gaps throughout and propose future directions for the field. This Review contextualizes recent research of skeletal muscle exercise metabolism, framing further advances and translation into practice.Skeletal muscles show high metabolic flexibility and functional plasticity in their response to different exercise modalities. Recent findings have advanced our understanding of signalling, transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate muscle adaptation to exercise and their impact on muscle physiology.

AB - Viewing metabolism through the lens of exercise biology has proven an accessible and practical strategy to gain new insights into local and systemic metabolic regulation. Recent methodological developments have advanced understanding of the central role of skeletal muscle in many exercise-associated health benefits and have uncovered the molecular underpinnings driving adaptive responses to training regimens. In this Review, we provide a contemporary view of the metabolic flexibility and functional plasticity of skeletal muscle in response to exercise. First, we provide background on the macrostructure and ultrastructure of skeletal muscle fibres, highlighting the current understanding of sarcomeric networks and mitochondrial subpopulations. Next, we discuss acute exercise skeletal muscle metabolism and the signalling, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of adaptations to exercise training. We address knowledge gaps throughout and propose future directions for the field. This Review contextualizes recent research of skeletal muscle exercise metabolism, framing further advances and translation into practice.Skeletal muscles show high metabolic flexibility and functional plasticity in their response to different exercise modalities. Recent findings have advanced our understanding of signalling, transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate muscle adaptation to exercise and their impact on muscle physiology.

KW - ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE

KW - HORMONE-SENSITIVE LIPASE

KW - RESPIRATORY-CHAIN SUPERCOMPLEXES

KW - FATTY-ACID TRANSPORT

KW - GLUCOSE-UPTAKE

KW - FIBER-TYPE

KW - DYNAMIC EXERCISE

KW - INDUCED INCREASE

KW - CREATINE-KINASE

KW - CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS

U2 - 10.1038/s41580-023-00606-x

DO - 10.1038/s41580-023-00606-x

M3 - Review

C2 - 37225892

VL - 24

SP - 607

EP - 632

JO - Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology

JF - Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology

SN - 1471-0072

ER -