TY - JOUR

T1 - The effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 on cardiovascular risk

AU - Sivertsen, Jacob

AU - Rosenmeier, Jaya

AU - Holst, Jens Juul

AU - Vilsbøll, Tina

PY - 2012/4

Y1 - 2012/4

N2 - Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone responsible for amplification of insulin secretion when nutrients are given orally, as opposed to intravenously, and it retains its insulinotropic activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. GLP-1-based therapies, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists and inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4, an enzyme that degrades endogenous GLP-1, have established effectiveness in lowering glucose levels and are routinely used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes. These agents regulate glucose metabolism through multiple mechanisms and have several effects on cardiovascular parameters. These effects, possibly independent of the glucose-lowering activity, include changes in blood pressure, endothelial function, body weight, cardiac metabolism, lipid metabolism, left ventricular function, atherosclerosis, and the response to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Thus, GLP-1-based therapies could potentially target both diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This Review highlights the mechanisms targeted by GLP-1-based therapies, and emphasizes current developments in incretin research that are relevant to cardiovascular risk and disease, as well as treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists.

AB - Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone responsible for amplification of insulin secretion when nutrients are given orally, as opposed to intravenously, and it retains its insulinotropic activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. GLP-1-based therapies, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists and inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4, an enzyme that degrades endogenous GLP-1, have established effectiveness in lowering glucose levels and are routinely used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes. These agents regulate glucose metabolism through multiple mechanisms and have several effects on cardiovascular parameters. These effects, possibly independent of the glucose-lowering activity, include changes in blood pressure, endothelial function, body weight, cardiac metabolism, lipid metabolism, left ventricular function, atherosclerosis, and the response to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Thus, GLP-1-based therapies could potentially target both diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This Review highlights the mechanisms targeted by GLP-1-based therapies, and emphasizes current developments in incretin research that are relevant to cardiovascular risk and disease, as well as treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists.

KW - Animals

KW - Blood Glucose

KW - Cardiovascular Diseases

KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

KW - Evidence-Based Medicine

KW - Glucagon-Like Peptide 1

KW - Humans

KW - Hypoglycemic Agents

KW - Receptors, Glucagon

KW - Risk Assessment

KW - Risk Factors

KW - Treatment Outcome

U2 - 10.1038/nrcardio.2011.211

DO - 10.1038/nrcardio.2011.211

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 22290234

VL - 9

SP - 209

EP - 222

JO - Nature Reviews Cardiology

JF - Nature Reviews Cardiology

SN - 1759-5002

IS - 4

ER -